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LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

University  of  California. 

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Accession  No.ff/  #  fa   /      .    Class  No. 


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OUTLINE 


of 


Christian  Theology. 


BY 


L.  T.  TOWNSEND,    D.  D., 

Author  of  "Credo,"  "Sword  and  Garment,"  "God-Man,"   "Arena 
and  Throne,"  "Elements  of  Theology,"  "Lost  Forever,"  etc.,  etc. 


rivE 


NEW  YORK: 
PHILLIPS    &     HUNT 

CINCINNATI  : 
WALDEN     &     STOWE. 


&T77 


^Mi^:;t^ 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1877,  by 

NELSON  &  PHILLIPS, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


87*6/ 


PREFACE. 


The  design  of  these  pages  is  to  present,  for  the 
use  of  Sabbath-school  teachers  and  scholars,  a 
brief  statement  of  the  doctrines  of  Revealed 
Religion,  together  with  a  few  of  the  leading 
proof-texts  used  in  their  support. 

A  systematic  discussion  of  the  evidences  of 
Christianity  is  beyond  our,  design.  For  a  brief 
statement  of  some  of  the  more  difficult  problems 
of  the  Christian  faith  we  refer  the  reader  to  a 
work  by  the  author  entitled  "Elements  of 
Theology,"  published  by  the  house  issuing  these 
Outlines. 


CONTENTS. 


Ml 

Page 
Preface 3 

PART    I. 

DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  GOD. 

I.  Natural  Attributes t 

IL  Moral  Attributes 9 

PART    II. 

DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  JESUS  CHRIST,  THE 
GOD-MAN. 

I.  Jesus  Christ  is  God 10 

II.  Jesus  Christ  is  Man 10 

III.  Jesus  Christ  is  God-man 10 

IV.  Jesus  Christ  is  Incarnate 10 

V.  Jesus  Christ  is  Mediator 11 

PART    III. 
DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  MAN. 

L  Origin  op  Man 12 

II.  Normal  Condition  op  Man 12 

III.  Abnormal  Condition  op  Man 13 

PART    IV. 

DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  SALTATION. 

I.  The  Ground  op  Salvation 15 

II.  Conditions  op  Salvation 16 

III.  Provisions  for  Salvation 18 


6  Contents. 

PART    V. 

DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  FINAL  THINGS. 

Pagb 

I.  Death 23 

IL  The  Intermediate  Period 23 

HI.  Second  Advent  op  the  God-man .' 25 

IV.  End  op  the  present  Physical  Universe.  .....  2G 

V.  The  Translation  op  the  Living 26 

VI.  Resurrection  op  the  Dead 27 

VII.  The  Judgment 27 

VIII.  Conclusion  op  the  God-man's  Dispensation.  ...  28 

IX  Endless  Glorification  op  the  Redeemed 29 

X.  Endless  Reprobation  op  the  Unredeemed 30 

PART   VI. 

SUPPLEMENTAL  TOPICS. 

L  The  Lord's  Day 31 

II.  Marriage 32 

III  The  Church 32 

IV.  Church  Sacraments. 33 


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PAET  I. 

DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  GOD. 

God  is  a  Spirit,  by  whom  and  for  whom 
all  things  consist. 

John  iv,  24;  Rom.  xi,  36;  Col.  i,  17. 

He  is  more  fully  defined  by  recount- 
ing his  attributes;  they  are  divided  into 
natural  and  moral. 

I.  Natural  Attributes. 

a.  God  is  eternal,  having  neither  beginning 
nor  end. 

Deut.  xxxiii,  27  ;  Psa.  xe,  2  ;  Heb.  ix,  14. 

b.  He  is  omnipresent,  being  in  all  places  at 
all  times. 

Psa.  cxxxix,  7-10;  Acts  xvii,  27;  Eph.  i,  23. 

c.  He    is    omniscient,    knowing    all    things 
which  are  obj  ects  of  knowledge. 

Psa.  cxxxix,  1-6;  Acts  xv,  18;  Heb.  iv,  13. 


8        Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

d.  He  is  omnipotent,  able  to  do  all  things 
which  are  objects  of  power. 

Job  ix,  4-12;  Matt,  xix,  26;  Rev.  xix,  6. 

e.  He  is  immutable,  having  a  nature  unaffect- 
ed by  ages,  and  forming  purposes  which 
nothing  in  the  universe  can  change. 

Exod.  iii,  14;  Psa.  cii,  27;  James  i,  17. 

f.  He  is  an  absolute  unity,  the  essence  of 
whose  being  is  indivisible. 

Deut.  vi,  4;  1  Cor.  viii,  4;  James  ii,  19. 

g.  He  is  also  a  trinity,  the  personalities  of 
whose  being  are  three — the  Father,  the 
Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Matt,  xxviii,  19 ;  Eph.  ii,  18 ;  1  John  v,  7. 

1.  The  Father  is  God ;  all  the  attributes  of  deity 
are  ascribed  to  him ;  he  designed  the  universe  and 
planned  redemption. 

2.  The  Word,  or  Zogos,  is  God ;  all  the  attributes 
of  deity  are  ascribed  to  him  ;  he  manifests  the  de- 
signs and  executes  the  plans  of  the  Father. 

3.  The  Holy  Ghost  is  God  ;  all  the  attributes  of 
deity  are  ascribed  to  him ;  he  inspires  the  life-forces 
in  the  executed  designs  and  plans  of  deity. 

Consult  the  following  passages  in  the  order 
given :  Isa.  lxiii,  9  ;  Eph.  v,  5  ;  Col.  ii,  2,  3  ;  2  Thess. 
ii,  16;  Titus  ii,  13;  John  ii,  24,  25;  Matt  xxiv, 
1-38;   xxv,  31-46;  Rev.   i,  8;   Matt,  xxviii,  20; 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.        9 

Col.  i,  17  ;  Luke  xxiv,  51,  52  ;  John  i,  3-10 ;  Col. 
i,  16;  Matt,  vi,  10;  John  v,  30;  vi,  38;  Heb.  x, 

7,  9 ;  Gen.  i,  2 ;  Luke  xii,  10 ;  Eph.  iv,  30 ;  Acts 
xv,  28 ;  2  Cor.  xiii,  14  ;  Acts  xx,  23  ;  2  Peter  i,  21  ; 
Titus  iii,  5;  1  Cor.  vi,  11;  Rom.  xv,  16;  Rev.  i, 

8,  11,  17;  Heb.  ix,  14;  Col.  ii,  3;  Eph.  i,  17; 
Deut.  vi,  4 ;  Matt,  xviii,  19 ;  1  John  v,  7. 

II.  Moral  Attributes. 

a.  God  is  love,  having  tender  affection  toward 
all  his  creatures. 

Isa.  lxiii,  1-9 ;  John  iii,  1 6 ;  1  John  iv,  8,  1 6. 

b.  He  is  holy,  being  absolutely  free  from  all 
sin  and  impurity. 

Lev.  xi,  45 ;  Psa.  v,  5 ;  Rev.  xv,  4. 

c.  He  is  just,  having  a  nature  that  must  ren- 
der to  all  creatures  their  deserts. 

Deut.  xxxii,  4;  Psa.  lxxxix,  14;  Rev.  xv,  3. 

d.  He  is  merciful,  having  a  nature  that  pities 
the  miserable. 

Deut.  iv,  31;  Psa.  ciii,  8;  2  Cor.  i,  3. 

e.  He  is  truthful,  his  attributes,  his  thoughts, 
his  words,  and  his  acts  never  being  in  con- 
flict with  one  another. 

Psa.  lxv,  16 ;  Titus  i,  2 ;  Rev.  xv,  3. 


PART  II. 

DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  JESUS  CHRIST, 
THE  GOD-MAN. 

I.  Jesus  Christ  is  God,  being  the  Word, 
or  Logos. 

Jotmi,  1;  1  John  v,  20 ;  Rev.  xxii,  13;  Col.  i,  It;  Matt, 
xviii,  20;  CoL  ii,  3,  10;  Heb.  xiii,  8;  1  John  iii,  5;  Phil,  ii,  10. 

II.  Jesus  Christ  is  man,  possessing  all 
the  normal  characteristics  of  humanity. 

Johni,  14;  Gal.  iv,  4;  Phil,  ii,  1,  8;  Matt,  i,  18-25;  Luke 
ii,  52 ;  Matt,  xxxi,  38 ;  iv,  2 ;  John  iv,  6 ;  Matt,  iv,  2 ;  John 
xi,  35 ;  Mark  xiii,  2,  3 ;  Mark  iii,  5 ;  John  xix,  33,  42. 

III.  Jesus  Christ  is  God-man,  being  the 
union  of  God  and  man  in  one  person. 

John  xiv,  9 ;  Matt,  i,  23;  Rom.  ix,  5;  i,  3,  4;  Rev.  xxii,  16; 
John  xi,  35,  43,  44;  Mark  xiv,  34,  35;  xv,  34,  37 ;  Johnx,  18. 

IV.  Therefore  Jesus  Christ  is  the  prod- 
uct of  an  incarnation ;  that  is,  according 
to  the   plan  of  the  Father  and    by  the 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.      11 

agency  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  the  Logos  took 
a  physical  body  in  a  virgin  mother. 

Luke  i,  34,  35. 

V.  Therefore,  also,  Jesns  Christ  is  a 
mediator  between  God  and  man  ;  he  is  the 
only  known  being  in  the  universe  who  can 
comply  perfectly  with  all  the  required 
conditions  of  such  mediation,  being  both 
God  and  man. 

John  i,  18 ;  1  Tim.  ii,  5,  6 ;  iii,  16 ;  Heb.  ii,  9-18. 


PAET  IIL 
DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  MAN. 

I.  Origin  of  man  ;  according  to  the 
plan  of  the  Father,  he  was  created  by  the 
Logos,  and  received  the  inspiration  of  his 
spirit-life  from  the  Holy  Ghost. 

John  i,  3;  Psa.  cxxxix,  14-16;  Gen.  i,  27;  ii,  7. 

II.  Normal  condition  of  man. 

a.  It  was  a  condition  of  completeness,  having 
body,  soul,  spirit-life,  and  freedom. 

Gen.   ii,  7;    1    Thess.   v,  23;    1  Cor.    ii,    14;    Eccles. 
xii,  7;  Prov.  i,  23-31;  Matt,  xxiii,  37;  John  vii,  17. 

b.  It  was  a  condition  under  command  and 
obligation  to  obey  law,  as  revealed  in 
nature,  in  conscience,  and  in  the  word  of 
God. 

These  different  revelations  disclose  : — 

1.  Duties  toward  God ;  requiring  man  to  omit 
nothing  which  God  enjoins,  and  to  do  nothing 
which  he  prohibits.  Deut.  vi,  5 ;  Psa.  xxxiii,  8 ; 
Rom.  viii,  28. 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.      13 

2.  Duties  toward  man,  requiring  man  to  do  his 
fellow  no  wrong,  and  to  aid  him  if  wronged.  Lev. 
xix,  18 ;  Matt,  vii,  12  ;  Luke  x,  30-37 ;  James  ii,  8. 

3.  Duties  toward  one's  self,  requiring  every  man 
to  do  nothing  detrimental  to  either  his  body,  his 
mind,  his  soul,  or  his  spirit,  and  to  defend,  pre- 
serve, control,  and  improve  each  to  the  honor  and 
glory  of  God.  Num.  xxxv,  22-24 ;  Lev.  xix,  28 ; 
1  Cor.  vi,  19 ;  1  Peter  ii,  5  ;  Rom.  xii,  1,  2 ;  1  Thess. 
v,  23 ;  Heb.  v,  14. 

III.  The  abnormal  or  fallen  condition 
of  man. 

a.  It  is  a  condition  in  which  man  is  under  the 
same  legal  obligations  as  when  in  his  nor- 
mal or  unfallen  state. 

Exod.  xx,  3-17 ;  Lev.  xx,  7  ;  Luke  x,  27,  28. 

b.  It  is  a  condition  involving  an  inherited 
tendency  to  sin. 

Psa.  Ii,  5;  lviii,  3;  Eph.  ii,  3;  James  i,  13,  14. 

c.  It  is  a  condition  so  inevitable  that  no 
member  of  the  race  (except  one)  has 
escaped  personal  sin  and  guilt. 

Psa.  xiv,  1-3;  Jer.  xvi,  12;  Rom.  iii,  9-12. 

d.  It  is  a  condition  such  as  makes  it  impos- 
sible for  man  to  do  any  thing  acceptable 
to  God  except  as  the  grace  of  God  through 
Christ  aids  him. 


14     Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

e.  It  is,  therefore,  a  condition  which  exposes 
every  member  of  the  race  (except  one)  to 
bodily,  spiritual,  and  eternal  death ;  Ezek. 
xviii,  4,  20 ;  Rom.  iii,  9-12 ;  Gal.  iii,  22 ; 
making  likewise  the  possibility  of  salvation 
strictly  dependent  upon  that  "gracious 
ability "  provided  by  the  mercy  of  God 
through  Jesus  Christ. 


PAET   IV. 
DOCTRINES  RELATING  TO  SALVATION. 

I.  The   Ground    of    Salvation    is    the 
Atonement. 

Rom.  i,  15,  16;  1  Cor.  i,  23,  24;  ii,  2;  Gal.  vi,  14. 

a.  The  atonement  is  that  provision  for  human 
redemption  accomplished  through  the  per- 
sonal obedience,  sufferings,  and  death  of 
the  God-man. 

Matt,  xx,  28;  Heb.  ii,  9,  10;  ix,  12-15;  1  Peter  i,  18,  19. 

b.  It  is  not  for  the  purpose  of  appeasing  God's 
wrath ;  John  iii,  1,  6 ;  Eom.  v,  8 ;  Titus 
ii,  11 ;  nor  is  it  to  be  regarded  as  a  mathe- 
matical equivalent  for  the  endless  punish- 
ment of  all  who  have  sinned ;  Rom.  iii, 
24-26;  viii,  1-3;  Gal.  ii,  16,  17,  21;  but 
it  is  a  symbol  of  the  perfect  obedience  of 
man,  and  also  of  the  eternal  execution  of 
justice. 

2  Cor.  v,  18-21  •  Heb.  vii,  19 ;  1  Peter  ii,  24 ;  iii,  18. 


16      Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

c.  It  satisfies  God;  enabling  him  to  save  all 
who  comply  with  certain  conditions ;  Rev. 
xxii,  17.  It  satisfies  every  man  who  com- 
plies with  the  required  conditions,  pardon- 
ing his  sin,  removing  his  guilt,  and  inspir- 
ing a  Christian  consciousness ;  1  John  i,  9 ; 
Eom.  iv,  7-8  ;  Gal.  iv,  6  ;  and  it  satisfies 
an  intelligent  universe,  showing  that  God 
is  just,  and  that  he  can  also  justify  the 
believer ;  Rom.  iii,  26 ;  Rev.  xv,  3 ;  iv,  8. 

d.  It  therefore  must  be  universal  in  its  pro- 
visions, but  limited,  in  case  of  those  capable 
of  actual  sin,  to  such  as  comply  with  the 
conditions  of  salvation. 

Mark  xvi,  15,  16;   Acts  xvii,  30;    Isa.  xlv,  22;    Rev. 
xxii,  17. 


II.  Conditions  of  Salvation. 

a.  Repentance*  it  is  sorrow  for  sin,  because 
committed  against  God  ;  is  termed  evangel- 
ical, and  is  followed  by  an  amended  life ; 
Isa.  lvii,  10;  Luke  i,  76-78;  2  Cor.  vii, 
9-11.  There  is  a  repentance  termed  legale 
which  is  regret  occasioned  by  the  conse- 
quences of  sin ;  this,  however,  is  not  a 
condition  of  salvation ;  2  Cor.  vii,  10 ; 
Heb.  xii,  17. 


^\  8  R  A  fi  p^s 

'      OF  THB 

TOPPERS 

,. 

Outline  of  Christian  Theology.      17 

Conversion  j  this,  together  with  repent- 
ance, are  the  introductory  steps  to  a  godly 
life.  Conversion  implies  a  radical  change 
in  the  purposes  of  the  penitent.  Ezek. 
xviii,  21-23;  30-32;  Matt,  vii,  24-26; 
1  Thess.  i,  9;  it  is  also  brought  about  by 
the  agency  of  other  persons ;  Psa.  li, 
10-13;  Luke  i,  16;  James  v,  20;  and  it 
is  likewise  induced  by  the  influences  of  the 
Holy  Ghost;  Haggai  i,  14;  Psa.  ex,  3; 
Acts  ix,  1-9. 

The  Exercise  of  Faith.  The  ability  to  ex- 
ercise faith  is  a  gift  of  God  to  every  re- 
sponsible agent :  practically,  faith  is  an 
assent  of  the  understanding  to  divine  rev- 
elation, a  consent  of  the  will  to  accept  the 
requirements  of  such  revelation,  and  a 
trust  in  Jesus  Christ  as  a  personal  and  a 
present  Saviour. 

1  Cor.  xii,  3 ;  Eph.  ii,  8 ;  Heb.  xi,  1-40 ;  1  John  v,  1-4. 

Good  Works :  they  are  the  natural  results 
of  repentance  and  conversion,  implying  a 
degree  of  faith  ;  they  are  required  of  every 
morally  responsible  agent,  and  as  a  con- 
dition of  salvation  are  no  less  essential  than 
is  the  atonement  of  Christ  viewed  as  a 
ground  of  salvation. 

Matt  v,  16;  Eph.  ii,  10;  Titus  ii,  14;  iii,  8  ;  1  John  ii,  29. 


18     Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

III.  Provisions  for  Salvation. 

a.  Revelation.  Nothing  can  be  clearer  thah 
the  necessity  of  revelations  from  God  as 
a  condition  of  man's  salvation.  Human 
opinions  and  reasonings  are  not  sufficient 
to  make  known  perfectly  either  the  obli- 
gations of  humanity,  the  nature  of  the 
divine  law,  or  the  moral  character  of  God. 

Divine  revelations  are  of  five  kinds : — 

1.  Those  made  in  the  physical  universe.  Rom, 
i,20. 

2.  Those  reported  to  the  conscience  of  man. 
Rom.  ii,  11-16. 

3.  Those  found  in  the  Holy  Scriptures.  2  Peter 
i,21. 

4.  Those  manifested  in  the  person  of  the  God- 
man.    Heb.  i,  1,  2. 

5.  And  those  disclosed  to  the  new  consciousness 
of  Christian  believers.  Matt,  xi,  25-27;  John  xiv, 
26 ;  1  Cor.  xii,  3. 

The  last  three  are  found  indispensable  to  a  knowledge  of 
divine  things,  judging  from  the  condition  of  humanity  when 
not  under  their  light.  Acts  xvii,  18-23;  Rom.  i,  18-31;  hi, 
9-18;  1  Cor.  vi,  9-10;  Eph.  ii,  2,  3. 

Since  the  Holy  Scriptures  are  tangible,  contain  the  history 
of  the  God-man,  and  since  through  them  the  Holy  Ghost 
usually  enlightens  humanity,  (John  xvii,  17,)  they  become  the 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.     19 

most  important  object  of  search  and  study  within   human 
reach.    Psa.  cxix ;  John  v,  39  ;  1  Cor.  x,  II. 

The  following  matters  are  usually  discussed 
in  connection  with  the  Scriptures : — 

1.  Their  genuineness,  by  which  is  meant  that 
they  were  written  by  the  persons  whose  signatures 
they  bear  and  to  whom  generally  ascribed.  The 
internal  and  external  evidences  of  their  genuine- 
ness are  equal  to  any  book  ever  written. 

2.  Their  creditableness,  by  which  is  meant  that 
their  character  is  such  as  ought  to  inspire  belief 

Their  credibility  is  attested  by — 

(a')  Prophecies  respecting  the  Jews,  by  prophecies  re- 
lating to  other  nations,  also  by  those  concerning  Christ  and 
Christianity,  which  have  been  fulfilled,  or  are  now  in  process 
of  fulfillment. 

The  credibility  of  the  Scriptures  is  still  further 
attested  by — 

(b')  The  wonderful  truths  disclosed:  Bible  revelations  are 
in  harmony  with  one  another,  with  the  revelations  of  nature, 
with  the  dictates  of  conscience,  and  with  the  religious  expe- 
riences of  the  race.  The  Scriptures  have  likewise  received  the 
homage  of  the  ablest  minds  among  civilized  nations,  and  the 
indorsement  of  even  the  most  learned  skeptics  and  infidels. 

3.  Their  inspiration.  The  Scriptures  being  gen- 
uine and  credible,  it  will  follow  that  they  are  in- 
spired, since  they  repeatedly  assert  their  inspira- 
tion. 2  Tim.  hi,  16;  1  Peter  i,  10-12;  2  Peter  i, 
20-22. 


20      Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

They  are  inspired  fully,  disclosing  all  matters 
upon  which  human  salvation  conditionally  depends, 
and  are  verbally  inspired  when  this  is  necessary 
for  fullness  or  accuracy. 

Inspiration  may  be  effected  by  visions  :  Matt,  ii, 
12,  13  ;  Acts  x,  10-13;  2  Cor.  xii,  1-4;  by  divine 
messengers;  Judg.  vi,  11,  etc.;  Luke  i,  11-19; 
Acts  xxvii,  23 ;  by  an  audible  voice;  Dan.  iv,  31 ; 
Acts  ix,  4 ;  2  Peter  i,  17,  18  ;  and  by  a  direct  com- 
munication of  truth  to  the  mind  of  the  writer. 
Matt,  x,  20;  Gal.  i,  11,  12. 

The  possibility  of  an  inspired  revelation  rests 
upon  another  possibility,  namely,  the  possible  in- 
terposition of  God  in  the  ordinary  processes  of 
nature,  or  the  evoking  from  those  ordinary  proc- 
esses extraordinary  results,  resulting  in  interrup- 
tions and  new  appearances.  Astronomical  and 
geological  histories  present  many  such  interposi- 
tions. The  miracles  recorded  in  the  Scriptures 
are  likewise  evidence  of  such  possibility.  They 
were  wrought  in  a  public  manner,  (Matt,  xiv, 
17-21,)  were  of  such  a  character  as  not  to  be  ques- 
tioned by  those  who  witnessed  them,  (Matt,  xii, 
24  ;)  they  were  in  numbers  sufficiently  great  and  in 
character  sufficiently  grand  to  produce  conviction, 
(John  xxi,  25,)  and  presented  ample  variety,  (Luke 
viii,  2 ;  Matt,  iv,  23,  24  ;  John  xii,  1,  2,  9-11.) 

The  glory  and  crown  of  all  the  miracles  is  the 
resurrection  of  the  God-man. 

b.  Justification  is  likewise  a  condition  of  salva- 
tion.    On  God's  part  it  is  an  act  which  absc.ves 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.     21 

penitent  and  converted  persons  from  all  past  guilt. 
Thenceforth  there  is  nothing  standing  in  the  way 
of  their  regeneration  and  sanctification.  Acts  xiii, 
39;  Rom.  viii,  1-3;  Gal.  ii,  16. 

c.  Regeneration.  This  is  a  radical  change 
wrought  by  the  Holy  Ghost  in  the  moral  nature  of 
man,  by  which  the  unholy  will  and  enmity  to  God 
and  his  law  are  subdued,  and  holy  affections  are 
implanted  in  the  heart.  It  is  clearly  revealed  that 
none  but  regenerated  persons  can  be  saved.  Matt, 
xviii,  3  ;  John  iii,  3,  7  ;  Rom.  viii,  7,  8 ;  Gal.  vi, 
15  ;  Heb.  xii,  14. 

The  Scripture  representations  as  to  this  work 
are  the  following:  Deut.  xxx,  6;  Psa.  Ii,  10;  Jer. 
xxiv,  7;  xxxi,  33  ;  Ezek.  xi,  19;  xxxvi,  25,  26; 
John  i,  12,  13  ;  iii,  5-8  ;  Acts  iii,  19 ;  Rom.  xii,  2 ; 
xiii,  14 ;  2  Cor.  v,  17  ;  iii,  18  ;  Col.  i,  12-15  ;  iii,  10 ; 
2  Tim.  iii,  5  ;  1  Peter  i,  22,  23  ;  2  Peter  i,  4. 

The  evidences  and  the  normal  fruits  of  justifica- 
tion and  regeneration  are,  adoption  ;  Eph.  i,  3-14  ; 

1  Peter  i,  2-5;    and  the  witness  of  the  Spirit; 

2  Cor.  i,  22  ;  v,  5  ;  Eph.  i,  13,  14  ;  iv,  30 ;  Col.  ii,  2 ; 
1  Thess.  i,  5  ;  Gal.  v,  22,  23  ;  Eph.  v,  9. 

d.  Sanctification.  Justification  is  a  change  of 
condition  from  guilt  to  pardon ;  regeneration  in- 
volves the  implantation  of  a  new  nature  in  man ; 
but  sanctification  is  more  than  either  or  both  of 
these ;  in  the  human  side  it  is  the  setting  of  one's 
self  apart  for,  and  the  solemn  consecration  of  one's 
self  to,  the  work  of  God;  and  on  the  divine  side  it 


22      Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

is  that  sublime  work  effected  by  the  Holy  Ghost  in 
the  souls  of  penitent,  converted,  justified,  and  re- 
generated men,  which,  when  fully  effected,  results 
in  such  a  complete  alienation  from  sin  that  it  is 
utterly  abhorred,  and  in  such  a  perfect  exercise  of 
the  regenerated  affections  that  love  to  God  is 
supreme.  The  work  of  sanctification  begins  simul- 
taneously with  regeneration,  and  may  be  then 
completed,  or  may  remain  incomplete  for  years,  or 
may  be  progressive,  but  must  be  completed  (entire 
sanctification)  before  the  soul  can  enjoy  or  enter 
heaven. 

No  regenerated  person  can  be  excused  from  con- 
tinually striving  after  entire  sanctification  until 
its  attainment.  God  wills  the  sanctification  of 
believers;  Rom.  xii,  12;  1  Thess.  iv,  3;  Heb.  x, 
9,  10 ;  and  he  commands  it ;  Gen.  xvii,  1  ;  Matt. 
v,  48  ;  1  Peter  i,  15, 16.  What  God  wills  and  com- 
mands is  both  possible  and  absolutely  requirable. 


PART  V. 

DOCTRLYES  RELATING  TO  FINAL 
THINGS. 

I.  Death,  as  applied  to  humanity,  is  the 
separation  of  the  immortal  spirit  (Gen. 
ii,  7)  from  both  the  physical  life  and  the 
animal  soul  of  man,  together  with  the  per- 
manent cessation  of  all  the  physical  and 
the  animal  soul-functions.  It  is  pronounced 
against  the  entire  race,  in  consequence  of 
original  and  actual  transgression ;  Gen. 
ii,  17 ;  iii,  19 ;  Rom.  v,  12.  On  account  of 
sin,  death  became  a  gate- way  to  the  fu- 
ture world ;  had  there  been  no  sin,  the  en- 
trance to  that  world  probably  would  have 
been  through  translation  or  transfiguration ; 
2  Kings  ii,  11 ;  Heb.  xi,  5 ;  1  Thess.  iv,  15-17. 

II.  The  Intermediate  Period,  or  Condi- 
tion,  covers  the  time  intervening  between 
death  and  the  resurrection.  It  is  an  un- 
alterable condition  as  to  the  drift  of  moral 
character ;    Eccles.  xi,   3 ;   Luke  xvi,  26  ; 


24     Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

Rev.  xxii,  11  ;  it  is  a  conscious  existence 
of  the  immortal  spirit ;  Matt,  xvii,  3,  4 ; 
Luke  ix,  32,  33.  Full  or  judicial  merit 
or  demerit  are  not  rendered  in  this  state, 
these  being  reserved  until  after  the  final 
judgment ;  Matt,  xxv,  31-46. 

This  existence  is  not  only  a  condition, 
but  is  conscious  life  in  a  definite  place. 
The  original  term  applied  to  the  interme- 
diate abodes  of  both  the  saved  and  the  lost 
is  in  the  Hebrew,  Sheol,  and  in  the  Greek, 
Hades;  Gen.  xxvii,  35;  Psa.  cxxxix,  8; 
Matt,  xi,  23 ;  Acts  ii,  27,  31 ;  Rev.  i,  18 ; 
vi,  8;  xx,  13,  15. 

In  this  Sheol  or  Hades  there  are  two 
abodes,  one  for  the  saved,  whicb  is  prop- 
erly called  the  Intermediate  Paradise,  or 
Hades-Paradise ;  the  other  for  the  lost, 
whicb  may  be  termed  the  Intermediate 
Gehenna,  or  Hades-Gehenna.  Lazarus 
and  the  ricb  man  (Luke  xvi,  19-31)  were 
both  in  Hades ;  but  the  one  was  in  the 
blissful  Hades,  (identical  with  Paradise,) 
the  otber  was  in  the  woeful  Hades.  The 
God-man  entered  the  blissful  Hades  after 
his  death,  and  comforted  its  inhabitants ; 


Outline  of  Chkistian  Theology.     25 

Acts  ii,  27,  31  ;  but  the  angels  who  kept 
not  their  first  estate  are  in  Hades  of  woe, 
called  by  St.  Peter,  in  the  verb-form, 
Tartarus;  Jude  6.  The  penitent  thief 
was  welcomed  to  Paradise :  Luke  xxiii, 
43 ;  but  it  was  Gehenna  against  which 
our  Lord  warned  the  people ;  Mark  ix, 
43-47. 

III.  Second  Advent  of  the  God-man. 
This  will  be  introductory  in  a  series  of 
transactions,  the  grandest  this  universe  is 
ever  to  witness.  The  advent  will  be  sud- 
den and  sublime  ;  Matt,  xxiv,  42-51  ;  xxv, 
1-14  ;  1  Thess.  v,  1-4  ;  Rev.  xv,  15 ;  men 
will  be  taken  by  surprise ;  Matt,  xxiv, 
36-51  ;  and  in  that  hour  of  transforma- 
tions every  eye  shall  see  the  Lord  of 
Glory  ;  Mark  xiii,  26  ;  Rev.  i,  7. 

IV.  End  of  the  present  physical  universe, 
and  its  transformation  into  spiritualized 
and  glorified  conditions.  This  event  is  to 
be  as  sudden  as  the  advent  of  Christ,  and 
simultaneous  with  it;  Isa.  xxxiv,  4;  Heb. 
xii,  21 ;  2  Peter  iii,  4,  10-13. 


26      Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

The  boundaries  between  Hades  and 
earth  will  seem  to  vanish,  and  the  spirit- 
ualized matter  of  the  physical  universe  will 
become,  ,as  it  would  seem,  the  foundations 
for  the  New  Jerusalem,  which  will  appear 
as  if  descending  from  God  out  of  heaven. 
Rev.  xxi,  1,  2. 

V.  The  Translation  of  the  living.  Simul- 
taneous with  the  advent  of  Christ  and  the 
change  of  the  physical  universe  wTill  also 
be  witnessed  the  transformation  and  trans- 
lation of  the  bodies  of  the  living- ;  those  of 
the  redeemed  will  become  like  the  glorified 
body  of  Christ,  and  be  fitted  to  enjoy  the 
splendors  and  raptures  of  heaven ;  it  will 
be  no  more  and  no  less  marvelous  than 
that  touch  of  God  which  converts  a  black 
clod  that  the  fire  has  left  into  a  spark- 
ling diamond ;  1  Thess.  iv,  13-18;  1  Cor. 
xv,  51-54.  The  bodies  of  the  unredeemed 
will  become  the  exact  exponents  of  their 
characters,  and  be  fitted  to  endure  what- 
ever is  reserved  for  them  in  the  world  of 
despair;  Matt,  xxv,  32,  33 ;  1  Cor.  xv,  38; 
Rev.  xi,  15-17. 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.      27 

VI.  Resurrection  of  the  dead.  The  fact 
of  the  resurrection  is  variously  set  forth  in 
the  Scriptures.  We  refer  especially  to 
1  Cor.  xv,  as  this  chapter  was  written  ex- 
pressly to  answer  questions  which  had 
been  raised  upon  this  subject  in  the  Corin- 
thian Church.  The  redeemed  are  to  rise 
first  with  bodies  like  the  transformed  bodies 
of  those  who  are  alive  at  Christ's  appear- 
ing. The  unredeemed  will  be  last  to  rise, 
and  will  have  bodies  like  those  of  the  un- 
redeemed who  are  alive  at  the  end  of  the 
world. 

In  a  historic  sense  the  resurrection  body 
will  be  the  same  as  the  bodies  buried  ;  it 
will  be  different,  however,  as  to  certain 
vital  characteristics.  It  will  have  also 
some  direct  relations  with  the  present 
physical  body  and  with  the  place  of  its 
burial ;  1  Cor.  xv ;  John  v,  28,  29  ;  xii,  24 ; 
Rev.  xx,  13. 

VII.  The  judgment.  This  is  to  be  an 
investigation  into  every  man's  conduct  and 
character  during  his  probation ;  2  Cor.  v, 
10;    1  Peter  iv,  5;    Rev.  xx,  12-13;    the 


28      Outline  of  Cheistian  Theology. 

investigation  will  be  conducted  with  the 
closest  discrimination  ;  Eccles.  xii,  13-14; 
Matt,  xii,  36,  37 ;  Mark  iv,  22 ;  Luke  xii, 
2,  3.  The  God-man  is  to  be  the  supreme 
judge;  Matt,  xxv,  31-46;  John  v,  22; 
Jude  14,  15.  The  decisions  of  the  judg- 
ment are  to  be  final  and  eternal,  the  un- 
saved being  consigned  to  eternal  con- 
demnation  ;  Matt,  xxv,  4,  46  ;  Mark  iii,  29  ; 
2  Thess.  i,  6,  9  ;  and  Jude  7  ;  the  saved  re- 
ceiving eternal  salvation,  involving  infinite 
and  glorious  rewards;  Matt,  xxv,  46; 
Mark  x,  30;  Luke  xxi,  27,  28;  xiv,  13, 
14;  Rom.  vi,  23;  Heb.  v,  9;  ix,  12,  28; 
1  Peter  v,  10;  2  Tim.  ii,  10;  Jude  21. 

VIII.  Conclusion  of  the  God-marts  dis- 
pensation. We  state  this  event  in  the  re- 
markable language  of  revelation  without 
comment : — 

Then  cometh  the  end,  when  he  shall  have  delivered  up  the 
kingdom  to  God,  even  the  Father;  when  he  shall  have  put 
down  all  rule,  and  all  authority  and  power. 

For  he  must  reign,  till  he  hath  put  all  enemies  under  his  feet. 

The  last  enemy  that  shall  he  destroyed  is  death. 

For  he  hath  put  all  things  under  his  feet.  But  when  he 
saith,  All  tilings  are  put  under  him,  it  is  manifest  that  he  is 
excepted,  which  did  put  all  things  under  him. 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.      29 

And  when  all  things  shall  be  subdued  unto  him,  then  shall 
the  Son  also  himself  bo  subject  unto  liim  that  put  all  things 
under  Lim,  that  God  may  be  all  in  all.   1  Cor.  xv,  24-28. 

IX.  Endless  glorification  of  the  Re- 
deemed. When  the  scenes  of  the  Final 
Judgment  close,  the  redeemed  will  pass 
with  the  God-man  into  the  heavenly 
country,  (Matt,  xxv,  34,  46,)  which  will  be 
absolutely  new,  (2  Peter  iii,  13;  Rev.  xxi, 
1,)  in  which  will  be  a  metropolis  ample  in 
its  provisions,  (John  xiv,  2;  Heb.  xi,  16,) 
surpassing  all  human  power  of  description, 
(Rev.  xxi,  2-26.)  Hades-Paradise,  which 
had  been  the  abode  of  the  saved  from 
Adam  to  the  last  good  man  dying  a  nat- 
ural death,  will  issue  into  this  absolutely 
perfect,  and  therefore  ultimate  and  eter- 
nal, dwelling-place,  which  may  be  called 
Heaven-Paradise;  2  Cor.  iv,  18;  v,  1; 
Rev.  xxi,  1,  4,  5,  10  * 


*  The  word  heaven,  as  used  in  the  Bible,  signifies: — 

(1)  The  surrounding  atmosphere;  Gen.  i,  7,  8,  20;  Psa.  cxlvii,  8;  Matt, 
xxiv,  2. 

(2)  The  solar  and  sidereal  spaces;  Gen.  i,  14;  xv,  5;  Joshua  x,  13;  Isa. 
xxxiv,  4. 

(3)  The  intermediate  abode  of  the  good;   Matt,  xviii,  10;   Acts  vli, 
55,  56  ;  2  Cor.  xii,  2. 

(4)  The  final  and  glorious  abode  of  the  redeemed,  where  they  are  to  re- 


30      Outline  of  Chkistian  Theology. 

X.  Endless  reprobation  of  the  Unre- 
deemed. At  the  conclusion  of  the  Final 
Judgment  the  unredeemed  will  be  forced 
to  depart  into  abodes  prepared  as  a  place 
of  punishment  for  Satan  and  evil  angels  ; 
Matt.  xxvr,  41.  That  place  is  the  final  Ge- 
henna, or  Hell,  into  which  Hades-Gehenna, 
the  abode  of  unredeemed  men  and  angels 
prior  to  the  judgment,  will  issue,  or  be 
cast;  Rev.  xx,  14.*  It  is  a  place  of  end- 
less confusion,  dismay,  and  torment ;  Matt, 
iii,  19  ;  xiii,  40-42  ;  xviii,  8,  9 ;  Luke  xvii, 
29,  30;  Heb.  x,  26,  27;  Rev.  xii,  10,  11; 
xix,  3;  xx,  9,  14,  15;  xxi,  8. 


ceive  the  rewards  of  their  faithfulness;  2  Cor.  v,  1,  2.    See  also  descrip- 
tions in  Kevelation. 

Angels  who  have  successfully  passed  through  their  probation,  (Psa.  ciii, 
19,20;  Matt,  vi,  10;  1  Tim.  v,  21;  Jude  6,)  and  who  now  occupy  Hades- 
Paradise  with  men,  (Matt,  xviii,  10,)  will  likewise  enjoy  the  final  heaven, 
which  has  been  prepared  for  redeemed  humanity.  Kev.  v,  11. 

♦The  word  hell,  as  used  in  the  Bible,  signifies:  (1)  Hades-Gehenna. 
Luke  xvi,  23;  comp.  viii,  81 ;  2  Peter  ii,  4;  Jude  6;  Kev.  xx,  18.  (2)  Ge- 
henna proper;  Matt,  xxiii,  33;  Mark  ix,  43-47;  Luke  xii,  5.  For  a  fuller 
discussion,  see  the  author's  "Elements of  Theology,"  and  "Lost  Forever." 


PAET  VI. 

SUPPLEMENTAL  TOPICS. 

I.  The  Lord's  Day,  The  seventh  day  of 
the  week  was  ordained  as  a  day  of  rest 
for  the  Jews;  Exod.  xxx,  13-17.  It  was 
observed  by  our  Lord  and  the  apostles 
prior  to  the  resurrection ;  Mark  tvi,  2 ; 
Luke  iv,  16-31;  Acts  i,  12-14;  xiii,  14, 
42,  44.  Christ  was  Lord  of  the  Sabbath, 
(Matt,  xii,  8,)  and  doubtless  among  other 
unrecorded  instructions,  (John  xx,  30 ;  xxi, 
25,)  the  disciples  were  required  to  change 
the  Sabbath  from  the  seventh  to  the  first 
day  of  the  week,  calling  it  thereafter  the 
Lord's  Day,  (Rev.  i,  10.)  This  inference 
is  strengthened  by  the  example  of  the 
apostles ;  John  xx,  19,  26;  Acts  xx,  6-11  ; 
1  Cor.xvi,  1-2;  Col.  ii,  16,  17.  It  should 
be  made  by  Christians,  in  harmony  with 
its  design,  a  type  of  heavenly  rest  and 
enjoyment;  Heb.  iv,  l-ll  ;  xii,  14;  Rev. 
xiv,  13;  xxii,  14,  15. 


32     Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

II.  Marriage.  This  rite  was  instituted 
between  the  first  man  and  woman,  (Gen. 
i,  27,  28;  ii,  18,  21-24,)  and  is  honorable 
in  all  their  descendants ;  Heb.  xiii,  4.  A 
man  should  have  but  one  wife,  and  a  wife 
but  one  husband,  at  the  same  time ;  Deut. 
xvii,  17;  1  Kings  xi,  1-4;  Matt,  xix,  5; 
Eph.  v,  31 ;  1  Tim.  iii,  2,  12.  The  patri- 
archs, in  some  instances,  violated  this  limi- 
tation, but  suffered  the  evil  consequences. 
Divorce  from  marriage,  with  the  right  of 
remarriage,  is  not  allowed,  except  for  one 
cause ;  Matt,  v,  32 ;  xix,  6-9 ;  Rom.  viii, 
2,  3.  Separation  between  husband  and 
wife,  without  the  right  of  remarriage,  is 
allowed  in  certain  cases ;  Prov.  xxi,  10 ; 
Amos  iii,  3;  1  Cor.  vii,  10-17. 

III.  TJie  Church.  It  may  be  viewed  in 
different  relations. 

a.  A  company  of  professing  Christians  or- 
ganized into  a  society  is  called  the,  or  a, 
Church  visible;  1  Corinthians  i,  2;  xvi, 
1-19. 

b.  The  entire  body  of  regenerated  believers 
in  every  period  of  time,  in   earth,  or  in 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.     33 

heaven,  is  termed  the  Church  general; 
Ephesians  iii,  15. 

c.  All  justified  persons,  adults  or  infants, 
baptized  or  unbaptized,  in  heathen  or 
Christian  lands,  members  of  the  organ- 
ized Church  or  not,  constitute  the  Church 
invisible;  Ephesians  iii,  15;  2  Timothy 
ii,  19. 

d.  Kedeemed  persons,  while  contending  with 
evil  on  earth,  constitute  the  Church  mil- 
itant;  Ephesians  v,  26,  27;  1  Peter  iv, 
12, 13. 

e.  Saved  persons  in  heaven,  men  and  angels, 
constitute  the  Church  triumphant;  He- 
brews xii,  22-24 ;  Revelation  xix,  7,  8. 

Yiewed  in  its  entirety,  the  Church  has 
for  its  head  the  Lord  Christ ;  Matt, 
xvi,  18  ;  1  Cor.  iii,  11 ;  Eph.  i,  22  ;  ii,  20, 
22  ;  v,  23,  24  ;  and  for  its  object  the  prop- 
agation of  divine  truth ;  Matt,  xxviii, 
19,  20  ;  1  Cor.  iii,  9,  10  ;  Eph.  iv,  11-16  ; 
Rom.  x,  14-17 ;  Rev.  xxii,  17 ;  and  for 
its  destiny  a  glorious  triumph ;  Isa.  lx,  22 ; 
Dan.  ii,  35,  45;  Ezek.  xlvii,  3-5;  Matt 
xiii,  31-33. 


34     Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 
IV.  Church  Sacraments. 

a.  Baptism  is  an  ordinance  in  which  the 
application  of  water  in  the  name  of  the 
blessed  Trinity  is  employed  as  a  symbol 
of  the  cleansing  power  of  the  atonement, 
and  on  part  of  its  candidates  is  both  a 
public  profession  of  faith  in  Christ  and  of 
consecration  to  his  service.  Believers  in 
Christ,  offering  themselves  in  consecration 
to  him,  are  proper  candidates  ;  Acts  viii, 
36,  39;  and  are  commanded  to  receive  its 
rite;  Acts  ii,  38.  Children  are  likewise 
candidates.  When  baptized  infants  come 
to  maturity  and  believe  in  Christ,  offering 
themselves  in  consecration  to  him,  they 
should  accept  the  former  ordinance  as  an 
expression  of  their  faith. 

Infant  baptism  is  administered  and  jus- 
tified on  the  following  considerations  : — « 

1.  Circumcision,  with  other  forms  of  the  Jewish 
Church,  gave  way  to  baptism  in  the  Christian 
Church.  Heb.  viii,  6-13.  The  children  of  believers 
hold  a  similar  relation  to  the  Christian  Church  as 
Jewish  children  did  to  the  Jewish  Church ;  but 
they  were  constituted  members  of  the  Jewish 
Church  by  the  administration  of  circumcision ; 
Gen.  xvii,  9-14.  Therefore  children  may  receive 
this  Church  rite,  and  should  be  regarded  as  mem- 


Outline  of  Christian  Theology.     35 

bers  of  the  visible  Church  until  their  want  of  con- 
formity to  its  requirements  excludes  them. 

2.  The  following  Scriptures  seem  to  authorize  the 
administration  of  this  rite  to  children ;  Isa.  xliv,  3  ; 
lix,  21  ;  Joel  ii,  28;  Matt,  xviii,  1-4;  xix,  13-14; 
Acts  ii,  38,  39;  xvi,  13-15;  1  Cor.  i,  16;  vii,  14. 

The  modes  of  baptism  are  three : — 

(a)  The  application  of  water  at  the  hands  of  a  believer,  in  the 
name  of  the  Trinity,  by  sprinkling  :  The  following  passages  are 
suggested :  Ezek.  xxxvi,  25  ;  Heb.  x,  22 ;  xii,  24. 

(b)  The  application  of  water  at  the  hands  of  a  believer,  in 
the  name  of  the  Trinity,  by  pouring :  The  following  passages 
are  suggestive:  Isa.  xliv,  3;  Joel  ii,  28;  Acts  ii,  18,  33. 

(c)  The  application  of  water  at  the  hands  of  a  believer,  in  the 
name  of  the  Trinity,  by  immersion :  The  following  passages  are 
suggestive:  Matt,  iii,  16;  Actsviii,  38,  39;  Rom.vi,  4;  Col.  ii,  12. 

b.  The  ZorcPs  Supper  is  a  visible  and  fed- 
eral rite  instituted  by  our  Saviour  (Matt, 
xxvi,  26-30,)  in  place  of  the  Jewish  Pass- 
over, (Exod.  xii,  11,14;  Luke  xxii,  11-13.) 
It  is  designed  to  be  a  commemorative  in- 
stitution ;  Luke  xxii,  19-20 ;  1  Cor.  xi, 
24-26.  The  elements  employed  are  bread 
and  wine,  symbolizing  the  broken  body 
and  shed  blood  of  the  Lord  Jesus ;  Matt. 
xxvi,  26-30 ;  Luke  xxii,  14-20 ;  1  Cor.  xi, 
23-26.  It  is  not  an  ordinary  meal,  and  is 
to  be  guarded  against  all  forms  of  excess. 
1  Cor.  xi,  20-22,  27-34.  It  is  to  be  ad- 
ministered   by    those   whom    regenerated 


36     Outline  of  Christian  Theology. 

persons  regard  as  qualified  and  authorized. 
It  is  the  Lord's  table,  and  not  that  of  any- 
particular  Church.  If  these  positions  are 
correctly  taken,  it  follows  that  all  persons 
have  a  right  to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per who  enjoy  evangelical  faith,  and  who 
desire  to  call  to  mind  the  death  and  suffer- 
ings of  our  divine  Lord  and  Master. 


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